Lesson 1
Tense
A. Present Tense 現在式
It’s used when you state truth or habits. (事實、真理or習慣)
1. Do you speak English? (習慣 or事實)
2. I can play the piano. (事實)
3. She likes apples. (事實)
4. He gets up at 7:00. (習慣)
5. They build houses. (事實---從事蓋房工作)
6. I’m not a fool. (事實)
7. We don’t shop online. (習慣---不上網購物)
8. Does she help with the housework? (習慣---平常幫忙家事?)
9. The sun rises in the east. (真理---太陽從東邊升起)
B. Past Tense 過去式 (發生的時間是過去)
1. be: was, were
I was sick last Sunday. They were absent yesterday.
2. V: walked, nagged, flied, ran, read, hung, led, had, taught…..
She started teaching English ten years ago.
3. Aux (助動詞): could, did, might, would, should have, must have
I couldn’t move at that time.
If I were you, I might do the same. (假設語氣用were, 不用was)
He said that he would stay for a while.
You should have listened to me, but you didn’t. (當初應該)
They must have moved because nobody was in the house. (一定是…)
C. Future Tense 未來式
time: in the future 發生在未來
will + V = be going to + V will be = be going to be 即將…..
1. I will be 20 years old next year.
2. He will take me to the zoo tomorrow.
3. She is going to buy some food in the hypermarket later.
4. They are going to travel around the world.
5. I am going to go to the USA
= I’m going to the USA
6. We are going to be famous.
D. Present Progressive Tense現在進行式
be + Ving 現在正在……
She is shouting at the boy.
E. Past Progressive Tense過去進行式
was/were + Ving 過去正在……
She was shouting at the boy when I saw her.
F. Future Progressive Tense未來進行式
will be + Ving 未來某時正在……
1. When you come, I will be cooking. 你來的時候，我將會是在煮飯中
2. I will be working hard tomorrow morning. 明早我將會持續努力工作
G. Present Perfect Tense 現在完成式
time: past ànow (過去某時間到此刻為止)
has/have +pp already已經 / ever曾經/ never從未
1. They have gone to Japan Japan
They have been to Japan Japan
2. Have you ever seen her?
Yes, I have. I have ever seen her. (曾經看過)
3. Have you ever washed the bag?
No, I haven’t. I have never washed it. (從未洗過)
4. She has begun to cross the road. (已經開始)
5. He has written ten books. (已經寫或曾經寫)
He has already written ten books. (已經寫)
He has ever written ten books. (曾經寫)
H. Past Perfect Tense 過去完成式
time: past àpast (過去A時間點到過去B時間點為止) had +pp
1. Yesterday John began to work at 9am and he got off work at 5pm.
= He had worked for 8 hours yesterday.
2. In 1996, Mary studied in a college. In 2000, Mary graduated from the college.
= Mary had studied in the college.
= Mary had studied in the college for 4 years.
I. Future Perfect Tense 未來完成式
time: futureàfuture (未來A時間點到未來B時間點為止)
will have+ pp 將已經…..
When you return here, I will have finished my painting. 等你返回時，我就會畫完
J. Present Perfect Progressive Tense 現在完成進行式
time: past àfuture (過去到現在，未來仍持續) has/have been + Ving
1. He began to learn English 5 years ago. He’s still learning and will keep learning.
= He has been learning English.
= He has been learning English for 5 years. 已經學五年了(還會持續)
2. Ann: Sorry, Sue. I will be there soon. How long have you been waiting? (on the phone)
(電話交談) 抱歉，我很快就到，妳等多久了？
Sue: I have been waiting for 30 minutes. 我已經等30分鐘了 (還會持續等)
K. Past Perfect Progressive Tense 過去完成進行式
time: past àpast+continue (過去A時間持續到過去B時間)
had been + Ving
1. When the fire broke out, they had been sleeping soundly.
當火災突然發生時，他們都一直沉睡中 (燒起來之後仍持續睡)
2. I woke up at midnight, and I heard it had been raining heavily.
午夜醒來，聽到大雨一直下 (醒來之後仍持續下)
L. Future Perfect Progressive Tense 未來完成進行式
time: future àfuture+continue (未來A時間持續到未來B時間)
will have been + Ving
1. By next summer, you will have been studying for 2 years in this school.
下個夏天以前，你將會在這個學校讀了2年 (之後還會持續)
2. I will have been travelling in Europe when you return to Taiwan
明年妳回台的時候，我將會在歐洲持續旅行
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