爭議性勞基法三讀通過

英文新聞資料來源   https://www.taiwannews.com.tw/en/news/3337928

Amendment to Labor Standards Act passed after an overnight session

通宵開會後，勞基法修訂案通過

After an 18-hour non-stop provisional session, an amendment to the Labor Standards Act passed the third reading at the Legislative Yuan on Wednesday morning, making it the second major revision to the country's labor policies under the administration of President Tsai Ing-wen (蔡英文).

18小時不間斷地臨時會之後，週三早上勞基法修訂案於立法院三讀通過，此為蔡政府第二次修改勞動政策

The amendment to the Labor Standards Act will allow possibilities to push back employees' mandatory day off every week, so that employees could potentially work 12 days in a row with two days off over two weeks, increase overtime hours of a worker from 46 to 54 per month, delay employees' annual paid holidays by one year, and reduce shift workers' break hours from 11 to 8 hours between shifts through negotiations between workers or labor unions and employers.

此勞基法修訂案允許每週法定休假日往後延的可能性，雇員可於兩週內連續上班12天且休息兩天，每月加班工時上限從46小時增至54小時，特休給薪假可延後至一年休完，輪班制員工間隔時數可勞資協商或工會與資方協商，從11小時降至八小時

Furthermore, companies with over 30 employees must go through a vetting process by governmental agencies if they want to apply the aforementioned possibilities except for delaying workers' annual paid holidays.

再者，除了遞延勞工每年的特休給薪假以外，員工30人以上的公司如果想申請上述提及的彈性，必須經過政府的審查程序。

Additionally, employees will no longer be paid more for overtime work now that the revisions have been passed. The current labor law states that employees who work for 1-4 hours overtime will be paid for four hours of work and those who work for 5-8 hours overtime will be paid for eight hours of work.

此外，修訂通過後，加班費不再像現行一樣多，現行勞動法規定若加班1~4小時，皆可領四小時加班費，而加班5~8小時皆可領八小時加班費

On the other hand, the amendment includes an unprecedented article regarding compensatory time. Workers may opt for time off in lieu of payment for overtime work. If a worker’s compensatory time is not used up within a certain period or before they leave the company, employers must offer them pay instead. 

另一方面，修訂案包含前所未有關於補休時間的條文。勞工可選擇補休替代加班費，如果離職以前其補休在一定時間內沒用完，雇主必須發給薪資。

According to the Ministry of Labor, the amendment to the labor law serves to provide flexibility beneficial to both employers and employees. The ministry had also reiterated several times before the amendment was passed that the government would only allow a handful of industries to make use of the flexibility provided by the amendment and that companies would be closely monitored for violating the law.

根據勞動部，此修訂案可提供彈性，對勞資雙方皆有益，修訂案通過以前，勞動部也多次重申政府只允許少部份產業運用彈性，公司也會受到密切監督以防違法

Shortly after the third reading, the labor unions that had camped outside of the Legislative Yuan held a press conference, condemning the amendment and vowing to continue the protest.

就在三讀通過後，立法院外的勞團舉行了記者會，譴責修訂案並誓言持續抗爭

The amendment will come into effect on March 1.

修訂案三月一日起生效

The revisions to the labor law, drafted by the Executive Yuan shortly after Premier William Lai (賴清德) took power in November, have received resistance from labor unions, NGOs, and lawmakers of both the ruling and opposition parties.

此勞基法修訂案由行政院於賴清德院長掌權後草擬，受到一些勞團、非營利團體、及立委的反抗

Opponents of the revisions said the legislation would undermine labor rights and worsen the working conditions in Taiwan, which were characterized as overwork and low pay.

反對者說此立法將損害勞權，惡化過勞與低薪的勞動狀況

In the lengthy session lasting from Tuesday evening until Wednesday morning, lawmakers from each party still had not reached an agreement over controversial articles. However, the amendment was passed as the ruling Democratic Progressive Party had the majority of seats in the Legislative Yuan.

從週二晚直到週三早上的長時會議，各政黨立委對爭議條款仍無共識，不過因民進黨有多數席次優勢而通過了法案

The second reading of the amendment was passed around 02:30 a.m. Wednesday, followed by the third reading at 08:44 a.m.

二讀是在週三凌晨2:30通過，緊接著三讀在早上8:44通過

According to the legislation, laws passed after the second reading cannot be modified drastically except for wording, unless they are found to contradict other laws or the Constitution.

根據法規，除了措辭以外，二讀通過後不得大幅修改，除非與其他法規或憲法有衝突

Elon Musk predicts World War III

by Seth Fiegerman   @sfiegerman   September 5, 2017: 10:38 AM ET

CNNMoney (New York) First published September 4, 2017: 11:36 AM ET

Tesla (TSLA) and SpaceX's CEO wasn't making doomsday predictions because North Korea is testing nuclear weapons. What's got Musk much more worried about world war is artificial intelligence.

Tesla和SpaceX’s 的執行長並非做世界末日的預言，因為北韓正在測試核武，Musk比較擔心的是人工智慧的世界大戰。

North Korea "should be low on our list of concerns for civilizational existential risk," Musk said in one of a series of posts on Twitter early Monday.

Musk週一在推特的一篇發文中談到：「在我們所擔心的文明存在風險的項目中，北韓還算是低風險的。」

"Competition for AI superiority at national level most likely cause of WW3 imo," Musk said in another tweet, using the Internet short-hand for "in my opinion."

Musk在推特的另一篇發文中說：「就我的觀點，國家層級的人工智慧優勢競爭很有可能導致第三次世界大戰。」 (imo 是網路用語 in my opinion 的簡寫)

The dire prediction was in response to a recent comment from Russian President Vladimir Putin. "Artificial intelligence is the future not only of Russia but of all of mankind," Putin said. "Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the ruler of the world."

這般急迫預測是要回應俄國總統普丁最近的一個評論，普丁說：「人工智慧不只是俄國而是全人類的未來。誰變成這個領域的領導者，誰就是世界的統治者。」

At the moment, the United States, China and India are the three countries leading the AI race, according to one top tech industry executive.

根據一位頂尖科技產業的主管，目前美國、中國、及印度是人工智慧競賽的領先者。

But Musk believes others will try to catch up by any means possible. "Govts don't need to follow normal laws," he said in one tweet. "They will obtain AI developed by companies at gunpoint, if necessary."

但Musk相信其他國家會用盡手段盡可能趕上，他在一篇推特發文說：「那些政府不會遵循一般法律，如有必要，他們會以武力威脅私人公司交出所研發的人工智慧。」

In another reply on Twitter, Musk speculated that an AI system could choose to start a war "if it decides that a preemptive strike is most probable path to victory." Musk has repeatedly issued warnings about the perils of AI, calling for new regulation to keep the public safe.

Musk在另一篇推特回覆文推測：「如果人工智慧系統判定，先發制人的襲擊是最有可能勝利的途徑，它可能會選擇開戰。」 Musk曾多次警告人工智慧的危險性，要求制定新法規以保障大眾安全。

In the process, Musk has clashed with at least one fellow tech billionaire: Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg.

在他預測與警告的過程中，Musk至少與一位科技富商意見相左：臉書執行長馬克祖柏。

Zuckerberg called Musk's AI doomsday rhetoric "pretty irresponsible." Musk responded by calling Zuckerberg's understanding of the issue "limited." Musk has tried to address his AI anxieties through two new ventures: OpenAI, a non-profit AI research company, and Neuralink, a startup building device to connect the human brain with computers.

Zuckerberg稱Musk對人工智慧的末日預言說辭很不負責任，而Musk回說Zuckerberg對人工智慧的了解有限。Musk曾透過兩個新的投資事業：OpenAI (非營利的人工智慧研究公司)，及Neuralink(連結人腦與電腦的一種開創性的建置裝置)，試著聲明他對人工智慧的憂慮。

"I was trying to really sound the alarm on the AI front for quite a while, but it was clearly having no impact," he said in one interview around the launch of Neuralink. "So I was like, 'Oh fine, okay, then we'll have to try to help develop it in a way that's good.' "

在發表Neurallink裝置時的一個專訪中，他說：「我試著提出人工智慧相關警告已有一陣子了，但顯然都沒有造成什麼影響，所以我只好想，好吧！那我們必須朝好的方向來發展人工智慧了。」 

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Dangerous Nail Polish 指甲油的危害

Researchers recently tested for signs of chemical toxins in 24 women participating in their study. The results showed that 100% of the participants showed signs of triphenyl phosphate only 10 hours after applying nail polish.

最近有個研究，對24位女性測試化學毒性反應，結果顯示：

所有人在塗完指甲油十小時後，體內皆有磷酸三苯酯的反應。

One of the biggest concerns about triphenyl phosphate (or TPHP) is that it is known to disrupt humans’ endocrine system, which controls all our hormones.

磷酸三苯酯最令人憂心之一是會破壞人們的內分泌系統，內分泌系統負責控制所有的賀爾蒙。

This is particularly harmful to the young girls who use nail polish regularly since healthy hormonal development is an essential part of their growth. Nevertheless, TPHP poses a serious health risk to anyone exposed to it. It’s also known for being:

Neurotoxin

Endocrine Toxin

Reproductive Toxin

Skin Irritant and Allergen

特別對塗指甲油的小女孩有害，因為健康賀爾蒙的發展是生長最基本的部份，暴露於磷酸三苯酯的人都會面臨嚴重的健康風險，它也是：

神經毒素

內分泌毒素

生殖毒素

皮膚刺激物及過敏原

Luckily, there are some companies who decided to respond to the discoveries of dangerous nail polish ingredients. There are a handful of awesome, natural alternatives that don’t contain the same risks of allergies, cancer, and hormone disruption.

還好，有些公司對危險指甲油成份的發現做出了回應，現在已經有一些天然成份的替代品可選擇，這些產品不含有導致過敏、癌症、及破壞內分泌系統的成份。

資料來源 Source:  

http://www.healthy-holistic-living.com/natural-nail-polish-alternatives.html?t=HHL

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Taiwan accidentally launches missile toward China, kills fishing boat captain

By Kay Guerrero, CNN Updated 0304 GMT (1104 HKT) July 2, 2016

(CNN) A Taiwan warship mistakenly launched a supersonic "aircraft carrier killer" missile toward China Friday, hitting a fishing boat and killing the boat's captain in an incident China called "a serious matter."
(CNN報導) 週五一艘台灣軍艦朝中國方向，誤射了一枚超音速反艦飛彈，意外擊中一條漁船以致船長死亡，中國表示事態嚴重。

A spokesman for Taiwan's Ministry of National Defense apologized on behalf of the military. "The Ministry of National Defense sincerely apologizes for the incident that caused the death of the captain (of the boat) and injured other crew members," Maj. Gen. Chen Chung-Chi said in a news conference. The ministry has also asked the Navy to provide assistance and compensation to the family of the victims.
台灣國防部發言人陳中吉於記者會道歉：「此意外造成船長死亡與船員受傷，國防部誠摯道歉」，國防部也要求海軍協助受害家屬及賠償。

The deceased captain has been identified as Huang Wen-Chung, the defense ministry confirmed, according to Taiwan Focus, the English-language service of state-run Central News Agency.
據Taiwan Focus (台灣官方新聞網) 報導，國防部證實死亡船長姓名為黃文忠。

Chung-Chi said the missile, the "Hsiung Feng III," ripped through the fishing boat but did not explode. An investigation into the incident has begun, Chung-Chi added.
中吉說雄風三型飛彈穿透了漁船，但沒有爆炸，也已經開始調查此意外事件。

China's top official in charge of Taiwan policy, Zhang Zhijun, said Friday that Taiwan must provide a "responsible explanation" for the launch of the missile, calling it a "serious matter."
中國國台辦主任張志軍說，此飛彈射擊事態嚴重，台灣必須提出負責任的說法。

Relations between Taiwan -- officially the Republic of China -- and the People's Republic of China have been increasingly tense since the landslide election of Tsai Ing-wen, whose party has traditionally leaned in favor of formal independence from China.
自蔡英文(其所屬政黨傾向台灣獨立)當選以來，台海兩岸關係呈現日漸緊張之局勢。

No Privacy on the Internet

The Internet is a surveillance state

網路是個監控國

By Bruce Schneier, Special to CNN March 16, 2013

I'm going to start with three data points. 
我要用三個重點資料來開場

One: Some of the Chinese military hackers who were implicated in a broad set of attacks against the U.S. government and corporations were identified because they accessed Facebook from the same network infrastructure they used to carry out their attacks.
一：曾被暗指大量攻擊美國政府和企業的一些中國軍事駭客，已被指認出來，因為他們經由習慣駭入的網內系統入侵了臉書。

Two: Hector Monsegur, one of the leaders of the LulzSac hacker movement, was identified and arrested last year by the FBI. Although he practiced good computer security and used an anonymous relay service to protect his identity, he slipped up.
二：去年，LulzSac 駭客行動的領導之一Hector Monsegur 被美國聯邦調查局識破及逮捕，雖然他有使用電腦安全系統及匿名伺服器來隱藏身分，百密總有一疏。

And three: Paula Broadwell, who had an affair with CIA director David Petraeus, similarly took extensive precautions to hide her identity. She never logged in to her anonymous e-mail service from her home network. Instead, she used hotel and other public networks when she e-mailed him. The FBI correlated hotel registration data from several different hotels -- and hers was the common name.
三：和中央情報局長David Petraeus搞外遇的Paula Broadwell也採取類似的謹慎措施隱藏身分，她從未在家裡登入匿名電子信箱，她都使用飯店和其他公共網路寄發email給他，聯邦調查局聯繫比對了幾個不同的飯店登記資料，找到了她常用的使用者名稱。

The Internet is a surveillance state. Whether we admit it to ourselves or not, and whether we like it or not, we're being tracked all the time. Google tracks us, both on its pages and on other pages it has access to. Facebook does the same; it even tracks non-Facebook users. Apple tracks us on our iPhones and iPads. One reporter used a tool called Collusion to track who was tracking him; 105 companies tracked his Internet use during one 36-hour period.
網路是一個監控國。無論我們是否承認、喜歡與否，我們一直是被追蹤的。Google在其網頁上和透過它連結的其他網頁上追蹤我們。臉書也一樣，它甚至追蹤非臉書用戶。蘋果則透過iPhone和iPad追蹤我們，有個記者用了一個稱為「串通」的工具來追蹤誰跟蹤他，發現在36小時內有105家企業追蹤他的網路使用紀錄。

Increasingly, what we do on the Internet is being combined with other data about us. Unmasking Broadwell's identity involved correlating her Internet activity with her hotel stays. Everything we do now involves computers, and computers produce data as a natural by-product. Everything is now being saved and correlated, and many big-data companies make money by building up intimate profiles of our lives from a variety of sources.
我們在網路上所做的都會和其他有關我們的資料相結合，這個現象越來越多， Broadwell的身份揭露涉及到她的網路使用和住宿飯店是有關聯的，現在我們所做的一切皆涉及電腦，而電腦會產生資料做為一種天然副產品。現在一切都能被儲存且相關，許多處理大量資料的公司就是靠蒐集各種資源以架構私人生活檔案來賺錢的。

Facebook, for example, correlates your online behavior with your purchasing habits offline. And there's more. There's location data from your cell phone, there's a record of your movements from closed-circuit TVs.
例如，臉書關聯你的網上行為與網外的購買習慣，還有更多，從你的手機得知所在位置、從第四台得知你的行動紀錄。

This is ubiquitous surveillance: All of us being watched, all the time, and that data being stored forever. This is what a surveillance state looks like, and it's efficient beyond the wildest dreams of George Orwell.
這是無所不在的監控：我們一直都被監視，而那資料會被永久保存。這就是監控國的樣子，它的效率遠超越喬治•奧威爾最狂野的夢想。

Sure, we can take measures to prevent this. We can limit what we search on Google from our iPhones, and instead use computer web browsers that allow us to delete cookies. We can use an alias on Facebook. We can turn our cell phones off and spend cash. But increasingly, none of it matters.
當然，我們可以採取措施來防止這種情況，我們可以盡量少用iPhone做Google搜尋，盡可能使用可刪除cookies (不經使用者的認可就由伺服器電腦直接寫入使用者硬碟中的小型文字檔案)的流覽器，在Facebook上使用別名，我們可以關手機，只花現金。但漸漸地，人們並不這麼做。

There are simply too many ways to be tracked. The Internet, e-mail,cell phones, web browsers, social networking sites, search engines: these have become necessities, and it's fanciful to expect people to simply refuse to use them just because they don't like the spying, especially since the full extent of such spying is deliberately hidden from us and there are few alternatives being marketed by companies that don't spy.
追蹤的方式實在是太多了，網路、電子郵件、手機、網絡瀏覽器、社交網站、搜索引擎：這些已經成為生活必需品，只因為人們不喜歡被監視，就要期望他們拒絕使用這些是天方夜譚，特別是這種監視活動被隱藏地很精緻，而且很少有公司不監視的，使用者別無選擇。

This isn't something the free market can fix. We consumers have no choice in the matter. All the major companies that provide us with Internet services are interested in tracking us. Visit a website and it will almost certainly know who you are; there are lots of ways to be tracked without cookies. Cellphone companies routinely undo the web's privacy protection. One experiment at Carnegie Mellon took real-time videos of students on campus and was able to identify one-third of them by comparing their photos with publicly available tagged Facebook photos.
這不是自由市場可以解決的，消費者沒有選擇的餘地。所有提供網路的大公司都有意追蹤我們，只要拜訪一個網站，幾乎就能讓人認出你。有很多不需要cookies的追蹤方式，手機公司通常會撤除網站的隱私保護機制。在卡耐基梅隆大學的一個實驗，他們在校園對學生錄影，藉由比較他們的照片和他們在臉書公開的照片，
而識別出三分之一的學生。

Maintaining privacy on the Internet is nearly impossible. If you forget even once to enable your protections, or click on the wrong link, or type the wrong thing, and you've permanently attached your name to whatever anonymous service you're using. Monsegur slipped up once, and the FBI got him. If the director of the CIA can't maintain his privacy on the Internet, we've got no hope.
在網路上維持隱私幾乎是不可能的，只要你忘了一次要啟動保護機制、點擊錯誤的連結、或輸入錯誤訊息，你就永久在你使用的匿名服務網站上留下姓名， Monsegur曾疏忽一次，而讓美國聯邦調查局抓到他。如果中央情報局局長都無法維護他在網路上的隱私權，我們更不會有這個希望。

In today's world, governments and corporations are working together to keep things that way. Governments are happy to use the data corporations collect -- occasionally demanding that they collect more and save it longer -- to spy on us. And corporations are happy to buy data from governments. Together the powerful spy on the powerless, and they're not going to give up their positions of power, despite what the people want.
現今世上，各國政府和企業都在共同努力保持如此，政府很樂意使用企業所收集的資料，偶而會要求他們收集多一點並保存久一點，來窺視我們。企業也很高興能向政府購買資料。這兩股強大的監控勢力控制著無力的我們，他們不會放棄自己的權力地位，不管民心所向。

Fixing this requires strong government will, but they're just as punch-drunk on data as the corporations. Slap-on-the-wrist fines notwithstanding, no one is agitating for better privacy laws.
解決這個問題需要強有力的政府意志，但在資料上，他們和企業一樣頭昏眼花。儘管有輕微懲罰，沒有人會鼓動更好的隱私保護法。

So, we're done. Welcome to a world where Google knows exactly what sort of porn you all like, and more about your interests than your spouse does. Welcome to a world where your cell phone company knows exactly where you are all the time. Welcome to the end of private conversations, because increasingly your conversations are conducted by e-mail, text, or social networking sites.
所以，我們就這樣被處理了。歡迎光臨Google的世界，它知道你喜歡什麼樣的色情資訊，比你的配偶還清楚你的興趣。歡迎來到這個世界，你的手機公司隨時都知道你在哪裡。歡迎來到隱私會話的盡頭，因為越來越多人藉由電子郵件、簡訊、或社交網站進行交談。

And welcome to a world where all of this, and everything else that you do or is done on a computer, is saved, correlated, studied, passed around from company to company without your knowledge or consent; and where the government accesses it at will without a warrant.
也歡迎來到這樣的世界：以上一切、你一切所為、或在電腦上所做的一切，都在你不知情下被保存、相關聯、研究、傳送，而政府也不需要搜索證就能隨意取得你的資料。

Welcome to an Internet without privacy, and we've ended up here with hardly a fight. 歡迎來到無隱私的網路，我們幾乎未戰就已經到這個地步了。