Lesson 11
Conjunction
連接詞
A conjunction connects words, phrases, or clauses.
A coordinate conjunction connects equal ranks. 對等連接詞連接對等(同階)的字句
A subordinate conjunction connects different ranks. 從屬連接詞連接不對等(異階)的字句
Coordinating Conjunction
1. and
l I’m a loyal and honest citizen. (連接兩個形容詞)
l I jog in the morning and swim in the afternoon. (連接兩個動詞)
l The teacher loves her students, and the students respect her. (連接兩個動詞句)
2. no less than 正如：She no less than her sister is diligent. (連接兩個主詞)
3. not only…but also: He’s not only a good wife but also a wise mother. (連接兩個人)
4. or, otherwise
l This course is not elective or optional. (連接兩個形容詞)
l I can call you, or you may call me. 或者 (連接兩個動詞句)
l You must do it now, or you will lose the chance. = otherwise 否則 (連接兩個句)
5. either…or…/ neither…..nor….
l Many people wish for either fame or wealth. 不是名就是利 (連接兩個受詞)
l I can speak neither French nor German. 不會法語也不會德語 (連接兩個受詞)
6. but
l He is young but prudent. (連接兩個形容詞)
l I will teach you, but you have to study hard. (連接兩個句)
l He is nothing but a liar. (只不過是)
l I swear I will tell the truth, nothing but the truth. (只會是)
7. for因為: He will surly succeed, for he works hard.
8. so 所以：He is a good teacher, so he is very popular.
9. then然後：He opened the door, then he turned on the light.
(也可以說 He opened the door, and then he turned on the light.)
10. while/whereas 卻；反而
Some people work better to music, while others do not.
He likes to stay home, whereas she likes to hang out.
Subordinating Conjunction
Connectives of Adjective Clauses
(relative pronouns: who, where, whom, that, which)
1. He is the one who broke the window.
2. The woman whom you saw is my teacher.
3. The book that I am reading is a novel.
4. You need to bring the book which I mentioned yesterday.
(relative adverbs: when, where, how, why)
5. I don’t remember the place where we met the first time.
6. I long for the day when my dream comes true.
7. Tell me the way how you overcome fear.
8. That’s the reason why I want to leave you.
Connectives of Adverbial Clauses
1. After you finish it, you can take a break.
2. Don’t count the chicks before they’re hatched.
3. Call me as you are free. (Call me when you are free.)
You must do as I said
She is as wise as her mother.
As he is a child, he doesn’t know what you mean. (Because he is a child, he…… )
Hero as he was, he felt a momentary shudder. (Although he was a hero, he felt….)
4. The boy talks as if he is a man.
5. As soon as she finished her speech, the lights went out.
= No sooner had she finished her speech than the lights went out.
6. As long as there is life, there is hope. (So long as there is life, …………..)
7. Since you have come, I have no reasons to stay. (既然)
I have lived here since I was 10 years old. (自從)
6. People don’t care about health until they lose it.
7. I missed my family a lot while I studied abroad. 當一段較長時間，用while
While I was enjoying my dinner, my wife came home. 當正在做某事，用while
= When my wife came home, I was enjoying my dinner. 當下短暫時間，用when
8. I must study hard so (that) I might pass the test tomorrow. 這樣就；才能
9. Wherever you go, I’ll follow you.
10. He speaks English so well that he’s often mistaken for a native English speaker. 以致於
11. If you speak loudly, you will wake him up.
12. Even if I were to get a million dollars, I would not do such a thing. 即使
13. Notwithstanding that the hall was packed with bullies, our champion played on steadily and patiently. (=Although)
13. I won’t forgive you unless you repent. (=provided that)
14. You must watch him carefully in case he runs away. 以免
Connectives of Noun Clauses
1. I hope that all is well.
2. Who will be the chairman is yet undecided.
3. Tell me which of the two you prefer.
4. I don’t know what you are talking about.
5. I know nothing about how he performed the task.
6. Nobody knows when she will come back.
7. Ask him where he is going.
8. I wonder why you are always late.
9. I don’t know if she tells the truth. (=whether)
Whether I will go or not is not your business.
