Participle

Lesson 12

Participle

分詞

A participle is a verb form that partakes of the nature of an adjective. (Ving/ pp 當形容詞)

Present Participle: Ving 當形容詞

1.     rising sun (正升起的太陽), sailing boat, fading flowers, sleeping boy, ………..

2.     The scenery is very fascinating.

也可以代替  conj + V or conj + be Ving

3. The girl who is sitting at the window can speak English.

= The girl sitting at the window can speak English.

4. The woman who sent email to me last night will call me later.

= The woman sending email to me last night will call me later.

Past Participle (pp): pp 當形容詞

1.     risen sun (已升起的太陽), frightened kid, fallen trees, boiled water, broken glass…….

2.     Overwork has made him exhausted.

3.     The traveler stood horrified at the sight.

也可以代替  conj + be + pp

4.     He jumped over a rope which was extended across the road.

= He jumped over a rope extended across the road.

5. The building, which was shaken by the earthquake, collapsed.

= The building, shaken by the earthquake, collapsed.

Participle Phrase

1.     cause：Being a careless man, he forgot all about it.

         = Because he was a careless man, he forgot all about it.

2. time：(幾乎)同時發生

He came to visit me, taking his cousin with him.

= He took his cousin with him and came to visit me.

Opening the door, I let the stranger come in. 

= After I opened the door, I let the stranger come in.

Hearing of the disaster, we ran to help the injured.

     = When we heard of the disaster, we ran to help the injured.

Having taken my breakfast, I went to school.

= After I had taken my breakfast, I went to school

Having been wounded by a bullet, the robber fell down.

= After the robber had been wounded by a bullet, he fell down.

3.     means 方法: Running all the way, he caught the bus.

4.     condition: Taking morning exercise every day, you can keep in good shape.

5.     manner 狀態: He stood on the roof, listening to the wind and watching the rain.

Absolute Participle Phrase 獨立分詞片語 (其主詞異於主要子句的主詞)

1.     The lecturer having begun to speak, the audience listened intently.

= When the lecturer had begun to speak, the audience listened intently.

main clause: the audience listened intently

absolute participle phrase: The lecturer having begun to speak

2.     The agent being absent, the business was suspended.

= Because the agent was absent, the business was suspended.

3.     Night coming on, we sought shelter in a farmhouse.

= When night came on, we sought shelter in a farmhouse.

A participle phrase should be placed near the word it modifies.

Incorrect: We saw large Buddhist idols, entering the temple.

Correct: We, entering the temple, saw large Buddhist idols.

Incorrect: Walking over the bridge, an airplane was seen by me.

Correct: Walking over the bridge, I saw an airplane.