影片: 文法教學Teaching Grammar

分享教學影片以前，先來推薦一些較權威的文法網站，上網查文法的人越來越多，網路上的資訊五花八門，有對的也有錯的，該如何分辨資料來源的公信力呢？以下提供美國芝加哥大學Writing Program (http://writing-program.uchicago.edu/resources/grammar.htm) 所建議的文法網站，我再經過篩選而得的清單:
Some authoritative grammar websites, suggested by The University of Chicago, are as follows:

http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/
http://grammar.about.com/
http://papyr.com/hypertextbooks/grammar/
http://public.wsu.edu/~brians/errors/

http://andromeda.rutgers.edu/~jlynch/Writing/


課程：被動語態 
Lesson: Passive Voice

目標：知道如何使用被動態的句子
Aim: know how to use sentences with passive voice

學生：國中生、初級、國中英語、第一次聽全英文講解
Students: at junior high, elementary English level, their first time to be lectured in English

班級: 大小班制皆適合
Class: suitable for both big and small classes

備註

Remark：

一般文法教學，會把例句寫出，然後講解該句的文法規則，免不了要提起一堆文法名稱、詞類位置、動詞變化、句構說明、詞性、時態辨認….等等一堆規則，有時候越講越複雜，學生是越聽越混淆，在還不會說和應用的情況下，就先死背文法規則，於是不易牢記學過的文法，又無法自在地以英語溝通，最後就是兩頭空。
Normally, grammar teaching starts with writing example sentences on the board then explaining about the rules, so some grammar terms are inevitably mentioned when the rules are taught. However, the more the rules are analyzed, the more the students get confused. They are often forced to memorize the rules before they can apply the language to their daily lives, so they can neither remember what's been taught easily nor freely communicate with others. As a result, they end up falling between two stools.

所以我是反向操作，寫出例句但不講解規則，引導學生代換單字或片語，口頭造出更多的句子。過程中，學生自然會從眾多同句構的例句裡看出句型，會自然領會這些句子有個共同規則。確認他們都能應用了，我才開始提及當天的重點文文法詞，但是我盡量少用文法詞說明，而是用好記的符號、圖示、口令，或換個淺顯易懂的說法，先教他們應用，最後再稍微點一下句型，即使以全英文講解，學生也能很快就懂了ㄛ。

In stead, my teaching is reversed. First of all, example sentences are presented, but the rules are not explained. Then the sentence pattern is introduced to guide the students to orally make sentences that fit the pattern. During the process, they are expected to comprehend the rules and pattern by generalizing all the example sentences. The target grammar terms won't be mentioned until I make sure they know how to use the language. An easy way, like using signs, pictures and key words, is usually used to explain the pattern. In this way, I teach them how to apply first then point out the pattern a little bit. As a result, the students can understand the rules more easily even though they are lectured in English.

教學流程Teaching Steps

1. 列出教過的動詞並複習它們的過去式及過去分詞

List the verbs they have learned. Review their past tense and past participles.

2. 示範如何將主動語態句改成被動語態 
Demonstrate how to change active voice into passive voice.

3. 請自願學生每人造一個主動態句子，寫在白板上，大家一起改成被動態 
Ask some volunteers to make sentences with active voice. The teacher writes them on the board and has the class practice changing them into passive voice.

4. 告訴學生剛剛改過的句子，就叫作被動語態句
Tell them that the sentences they just learned are passive voice ones.

5. 讓他們看著許多例句，點出主動態與被動態的不同，加強對被動語態的理解 Ask them to point out the differences between active and passive voice to reinforce their comprehension on passive one.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

6. 兩個學生為一組練習，一人造句則另一人改成被動態，角色輪流交換，老師走動巡視練習狀況及輔導 Pair them up. When one says active voice sentences, the other one must change them into passive voice. They have to take turn to change roles. The teacher must walk around to check their practices and offer help.

　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　　

7. 寫被動語態的練習卷 Do written exercises on passive voice.