Auxiliary

Lesson 7

Auxiliary

助動詞

1.

	will	shall
未來式	即將	即將 (適用第一人稱) I/We shall go.
應該(強制、規定、威脅等外力因素)	O	(適用二、三人稱) You/He/They shall go.
願意	He will lend you 10 dollars.	O

2.

	shall	should
即將	I shall be here tomorrow.	過去式: He said I should be here tomorrow.
應該	1.      強制、規定等外力因素 = ought to You shall abide by the law. You shall not enter the room. You shall be punished if you defy me. 2. 承諾 If you are good, you shall go with me. 3. 提供服務 Shall I pick you up from the airport?	1.      個人意見/詢問意見，無強制性 = ought to You should see a doctor. What should we do now? 2. 表達期待 Everybody should arrive by 6pm. 3. 推測= ought to They should arrive soon. 4.  should have + pp當初應該 (past) You should have asked me.
萬一	O	=Should….. , ……… Should you get lost, just ask people.

3.

	will	would
即將；將會	It will rain tomorrow.	will的過去式: He said it would rain tomorrow.
表達意願	I will take this duty.	would like = want (用would較禮貌) would like to = want to I would like some tea. I would like to help you.
過去總是	O	She would jog every day when she was young.
要求	Will you open the door?	Would you open the door? (較禮貌)
原本要…..但沒做		would have + pp I would have gone to the party, but I was too busy. (原本要去party的，但實在太忙)

4.

	can	could
能夠；會	I can do it.	過去式: He said I could do it.
可以	Can I use the phone?	Could I use the phone? (較禮貌)
當初可做但沒做	O	could have + pp You could have helped me. (你本來可以幫我的)

5.

	may	might
可以	正式場合用 May I go out? May I help you?	很少用might
可能；也許 過去式	She may succeed. (可能性較高) may have + pp 過去也許 She may have said that. (當時她也許說過)	She might succeed (可能性較低) might have +p原本可能…但事實上沒有 I might have gone if I had a holiday. (當時如有休假，我可能就去了)

6.

	must	have to
必須	You must leave.	You have to leave.
一定是	must be… It must be nice to live in Hawaii. You must be a teacher. 過去式 must have + pp  (當初一定是) He must have been tired. He must have finished it.	O
否定句	must not (mustn’t) 絕不可 We mustn’t cheat.	don’t/doesn’t/didn’t have to不一定要 You don’t have to listen to this.

7. do/does/did

--Does he know my native town?     Don’t shout.  Did she climb the three?

--do/does/did +V= 真的…..

I do hate that hypocrite.  He did come yesterday.  She does know how to fix it.