If

Lesson 8

If Clause

如果子句

If Clause:

1. conditional clause條件子句

2. subjunctive clause假設子句

                            

1. Conditional Clause

If ……, S....... 如果……, 必然結果…	If …. , S will …….. 如果……, 將會……(發生機率很高)
If you throw a stone in the river, it sinks. If you are blind, you can’t see anything. If he leaves, you must tell me. If she smiles, it means yes. I call 119 if there is a fire.	If it rains tomorrow, I will not go out. If you need help, I will help you. If he comes back, he will talk to you. If you study hard, you will get a good grade. I will call the cop if they don’t leave.

2. Subjunctive Clause 假設…….., 就會…..

※現在(幾乎)不可能發生、或與現在事實不符的假設

If …were…, ..….would/could/might/should……..

If …..past V…., …..would/could/might/should……..

If I were a billionaire, I would help lots of poor people.

     假設我是億萬富翁………… (但事實上我不是)

        If he knew what would happen, he might tell the police.

     他要是知道會發生什麼………(但事實上他不知道)

※過去(幾乎)不可能發生、或與過去事實不符的假設

If …had+pp….. , ..….would (should/could/might) have+pp……..

If I had sold my house, I would have had a lot of money.

假如當時有賣房……. (但當時沒賣)

※(幾乎)不可能發生、或與未來事實不符的假設

If ….were to V…. , ……would (should/could/might)…….

If I were to win the lottery, I would buy a new car.

將來要是中了樂透，我會買輛新車 (未來幾乎不可能中樂透)

If he were to be the next Picasso, I would be very lucky.

他將來要是下一個畢卡索，我還真走運了 (他未來不可能是下一個畢卡索)

※萬一……..= If … should….. , …

If …. should V (萬一)… , …. would (should/could/might)…. 可能性小

If …. should V (萬一)… , …. will (shall/can)…. 可能性中

If …. should V (萬一)… , …..直述句/祈使句/問句…. 可能性大

      If I should see an alien, I would be scare to death.

      = Should I see an alien, I would be scare to death.

        萬一我碰到外星人，我會嚇死

      If I should fail the test, I will study harder and take the test again.

      = Should I fail the test, I will study harder and take the test again.

      萬一我考試沒過，我會更用功讀書、再考一次

        If you should fall down, just get up.

      = Should you fall down, just get up.

        萬一跌倒，就爬起來