Lesson 10
Preposition
介系詞
Some Complicated Prepositions 這裡介紹比較易混淆的介系詞
1. against
l opposition 對抗、反對：
The hero fights for the weak against the strong.
l provision for 為…做準備：
Store up your rice against famine.
l comparison 比較：
The white sails are relieved against the dark horizon. 黑暗地平線襯托出白色船帆
2. after
l in view of 有鑑於：
You will surely succeed after such persistence. 憑藉著如此堅持，你一定會成功
l imitation 仿效：
Repeat after me.
l resemblance 相像：
She takes after her mother. 她像她媽媽 (take after = resemble)
l contrast 對比：
He has failed after all his efforts. 付出所有努力後卻失敗了
l seek for something 追求….
I hunger and thirst after a favorable reply.
3. by
l means 方法、手段：
Honest men live by hard work. (live by = live on 以…..維生 )
I won the race by practicing every day. 我是靠每天練習才贏得比賽
l amount, measure 數量、測量
Meat is sold by the catty. 肉是秤斤賣的 (catty 台斤= 600 grams)
We rent the car by the day. 我們租車是以日計價
Two multiplied by three equals six. 2 × 3 = 6
l before
You must finish it by tomorrow.
l near
I am standing by the desk.
4. for
l destination 目的地
I will leave for Finland
l considering 就…而言
He is too clever for a little boy.
l on behalf of 為了….
Shall I carry this for you?
l exchange
return good for evil 以德報怨； pay too much for a whistle 得不償失
l for how long
I have been here for 3 hours.
l reason
The clerk was fired for neglecting his duties.
l purpose
Many people toil for fame or money.
5. at
l time: at sunrise/at midnight/at half past 10/at that time/at present………
l age: at his age, at the age of 15 = at 15 years old
l place: at the seaside/at the desk/at the foot of the hill/at the end of the street………
l emotion: I wonder at your progress.
(rejoice at/grieve at/tremble at/be frightened at……….)
l target: A drowning man will catch at a straw.
(glance at/shoot at/laugh at/sneer at/jeer at/frown at………..)
6. behind
l late: The train is behind its time.
My work is behind schedule.
l back: He hid behind the door.
l implication: Do you know the meaning behind your name?
7. from
l since: I’ve known her from a child.
l cause: I did this from a desire to please friends. / He died from a disease.
l separation: Don’t separate me from my family.
l difference: This flag is different from that one.
l source: Where are you from?
l material: The wine is made from grape. ( 由…製造，且過程涉及化學變化 )
l hindrance: I tried to prevent him from smoking.
8. in
l within a time: A great many things may turn up in 2 hours.
l within a range: in the city/in sight/in broad daylight/in the middle of the street…….
l 在某方面: They agreed to engage in comprehensive dialogues to solve problems.
l method: We can get it done in many ways.
l tool: I write in pen. = I write with a pen.
l color: Read the words in blue.
l math unit: How heavy is it in kilograms?
l wearing: The girl in the green dress is my sister.
9. on
l time: on Sunday/on the first of May/on the morning of the 15th/on time/on the New Year’s eve/on my arrival……..
l surface: on the wall/on the ceiling/on the street/on the verge of 瀕於……….
l reason: On what grounds do you object? 妳基於什麼理由反對
l purpose: go on business/go on an errand 出任務/go on a journey/attack on ……
l dependence: It depends on what you think./ Men live on rice.
l basis: Please share the information based on evidences.
l reference: That’s my opinion on female education.
(on a topic/subject/field…..)
10. since
from a time: She has eaten nothing since yesterday.
because: Since you don’t like it, throw it away.
11. until
l till: Dogs are loyal until death.
l 直到…才….： I did not go home until the next day.
12. toward or towards
l 接近某時：Things are working towards a solution of the problem.
l 朝向：We hurried toward the inn towards evening.
13. about
l around: Her hair hangs about her neck.
l 關於：Talk about jobs.
l approximately: I’ve been working for about 5 years.
14. above Vs over
l The plane flies above the summit. (at a higher level)
l The dog jumped over the river. (at a lower level)
15. below, beneath, under
l The cat is under the table. (3D space/立體空間)
l My mouth is below my nose. (2D space/平面空間)
l The earth is beneath our feet. (= under, but more formal than under)
16. beside
l at the side of : The little girl is standing beside her mother.
l away: beside the point 離題/ beside oneself 大怒；樂翻了
17. to
destination: I’m going to the park.
toward: The pagoda stands to the east of the city.
purpose: We use scissors to cut something.
extent 到…程度 : You’ve succeeded to a certain extent.
The population has grown to one billion.
proportion 比例：Air is to man what water is to the fish. 空氣之於人如水之於魚
Ten to one, you will win. 十比一
relation: It’s important to me.
18. of
l because: Your illness comes of eating too much.
He died of cancer. (直接死因：癌症)
He died from the car accident. (間接死因：車禍身體受創、然後重傷致死)
l separation: The law deprived me of my freedom. (deprive …of…剝奪…的…..)
l possession: The roof of the house is red.
l quality: He’s a man of strong will.
l source: He was born of a noble family.
l partition: You may take any of these books.
l material: The table is made of wood. 由…製造 (過程無化學變化)
The wine is made from grape. 由…製造 (過程涉及化學變化 )
l reference: hear of 聽到.., think of 想到…, boast of 自誇…., remind… of …提醒
l apposition 同位語：the month of May, the city of Taipei
19. with
l reason: I’m satisfied with you./ I’m busy with work./ He helped me with my work.
(be pleased with, be faint with, be touched with, be overcome with……)
l union: travel with…., go with………, agree with….
l opposition: Soldiers fight with enemies.
l separation: I parted with my house for 2000 dollars. (quit; leave)
l tool: He cut down the tree with an ax.
l possession: I didn’t bring a smart phone with me.
l manner 狀態：I accomplished it with ease. (easily)
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