No Privacy on the Internet

The Internet is a surveillance state

網路是個監控國

By Bruce Schneier, Special to CNN March 16, 2013

I'm going to start with three data points. 
我要用三個重點資料來開場

One: Some of the Chinese military hackers who were implicated in a broad set of attacks against the U.S. government and corporations were identified because they accessed Facebook from the same network infrastructure they used to carry out their attacks.
一：曾被暗指大量攻擊美國政府和企業的一些中國軍事駭客，已被指認出來，因為他們經由習慣駭入的網內系統入侵了臉書。

Two: Hector Monsegur, one of the leaders of the LulzSac hacker movement, was identified and arrested last year by the FBI. Although he practiced good computer security and used an anonymous relay service to protect his identity, he slipped up.
二：去年，LulzSac 駭客行動的領導之一Hector Monsegur 被美國聯邦調查局識破及逮捕，雖然他有使用電腦安全系統及匿名伺服器來隱藏身分，百密總有一疏。

And three: Paula Broadwell, who had an affair with CIA director David Petraeus, similarly took extensive precautions to hide her identity. She never logged in to her anonymous e-mail service from her home network. Instead, she used hotel and other public networks when she e-mailed him. The FBI correlated hotel registration data from several different hotels -- and hers was the common name.
三：和中央情報局長David Petraeus搞外遇的Paula Broadwell也採取類似的謹慎措施隱藏身分，她從未在家裡登入匿名電子信箱，她都使用飯店和其他公共網路寄發email給他，聯邦調查局聯繫比對了幾個不同的飯店登記資料，找到了她常用的使用者名稱。

The Internet is a surveillance state. Whether we admit it to ourselves or not, and whether we like it or not, we're being tracked all the time. Google tracks us, both on its pages and on other pages it has access to. Facebook does the same; it even tracks non-Facebook users. Apple tracks us on our iPhones and iPads. One reporter used a tool called Collusion to track who was tracking him; 105 companies tracked his Internet use during one 36-hour period.
網路是一個監控國。無論我們是否承認、喜歡與否，我們一直是被追蹤的。Google在其網頁上和透過它連結的其他網頁上追蹤我們。臉書也一樣，它甚至追蹤非臉書用戶。蘋果則透過iPhone和iPad追蹤我們，有個記者用了一個稱為「串通」的工具來追蹤誰跟蹤他，發現在36小時內有105家企業追蹤他的網路使用紀錄。

Increasingly, what we do on the Internet is being combined with other data about us. Unmasking Broadwell's identity involved correlating her Internet activity with her hotel stays. Everything we do now involves computers, and computers produce data as a natural by-product. Everything is now being saved and correlated, and many big-data companies make money by building up intimate profiles of our lives from a variety of sources.
我們在網路上所做的都會和其他有關我們的資料相結合，這個現象越來越多， Broadwell的身份揭露涉及到她的網路使用和住宿飯店是有關聯的，現在我們所做的一切皆涉及電腦，而電腦會產生資料做為一種天然副產品。現在一切都能被儲存且相關，許多處理大量資料的公司就是靠蒐集各種資源以架構私人生活檔案來賺錢的。

Facebook, for example, correlates your online behavior with your purchasing habits offline. And there's more. There's location data from your cell phone, there's a record of your movements from closed-circuit TVs.
例如，臉書關聯你的網上行為與網外的購買習慣，還有更多，從你的手機得知所在位置、從第四台得知你的行動紀錄。

This is ubiquitous surveillance: All of us being watched, all the time, and that data being stored forever. This is what a surveillance state looks like, and it's efficient beyond the wildest dreams of George Orwell.
這是無所不在的監控：我們一直都被監視，而那資料會被永久保存。這就是監控國的樣子，它的效率遠超越喬治•奧威爾最狂野的夢想。

Sure, we can take measures to prevent this. We can limit what we search on Google from our iPhones, and instead use computer web browsers that allow us to delete cookies. We can use an alias on Facebook. We can turn our cell phones off and spend cash. But increasingly, none of it matters.
當然，我們可以採取措施來防止這種情況，我們可以盡量少用iPhone做Google搜尋，盡可能使用可刪除cookies (不經使用者的認可就由伺服器電腦直接寫入使用者硬碟中的小型文字檔案)的流覽器，在Facebook上使用別名，我們可以關手機，只花現金。但漸漸地，人們並不這麼做。

There are simply too many ways to be tracked. The Internet, e-mail,cell phones, web browsers, social networking sites, search engines: these have become necessities, and it's fanciful to expect people to simply refuse to use them just because they don't like the spying, especially since the full extent of such spying is deliberately hidden from us and there are few alternatives being marketed by companies that don't spy.
追蹤的方式實在是太多了，網路、電子郵件、手機、網絡瀏覽器、社交網站、搜索引擎：這些已經成為生活必需品，只因為人們不喜歡被監視，就要期望他們拒絕使用這些是天方夜譚，特別是這種監視活動被隱藏地很精緻，而且很少有公司不監視的，使用者別無選擇。

This isn't something the free market can fix. We consumers have no choice in the matter. All the major companies that provide us with Internet services are interested in tracking us. Visit a website and it will almost certainly know who you are; there are lots of ways to be tracked without cookies. Cellphone companies routinely undo the web's privacy protection. One experiment at Carnegie Mellon took real-time videos of students on campus and was able to identify one-third of them by comparing their photos with publicly available tagged Facebook photos.
這不是自由市場可以解決的，消費者沒有選擇的餘地。所有提供網路的大公司都有意追蹤我們，只要拜訪一個網站，幾乎就能讓人認出你。有很多不需要cookies的追蹤方式，手機公司通常會撤除網站的隱私保護機制。在卡耐基梅隆大學的一個實驗，他們在校園對學生錄影，藉由比較他們的照片和他們在臉書公開的照片，
而識別出三分之一的學生。

Maintaining privacy on the Internet is nearly impossible. If you forget even once to enable your protections, or click on the wrong link, or type the wrong thing, and you've permanently attached your name to whatever anonymous service you're using. Monsegur slipped up once, and the FBI got him. If the director of the CIA can't maintain his privacy on the Internet, we've got no hope.
在網路上維持隱私幾乎是不可能的，只要你忘了一次要啟動保護機制、點擊錯誤的連結、或輸入錯誤訊息，你就永久在你使用的匿名服務網站上留下姓名， Monsegur曾疏忽一次，而讓美國聯邦調查局抓到他。如果中央情報局局長都無法維護他在網路上的隱私權，我們更不會有這個希望。

In today's world, governments and corporations are working together to keep things that way. Governments are happy to use the data corporations collect -- occasionally demanding that they collect more and save it longer -- to spy on us. And corporations are happy to buy data from governments. Together the powerful spy on the powerless, and they're not going to give up their positions of power, despite what the people want.
現今世上，各國政府和企業都在共同努力保持如此，政府很樂意使用企業所收集的資料，偶而會要求他們收集多一點並保存久一點，來窺視我們。企業也很高興能向政府購買資料。這兩股強大的監控勢力控制著無力的我們，他們不會放棄自己的權力地位，不管民心所向。

Fixing this requires strong government will, but they're just as punch-drunk on data as the corporations. Slap-on-the-wrist fines notwithstanding, no one is agitating for better privacy laws.
解決這個問題需要強有力的政府意志，但在資料上，他們和企業一樣頭昏眼花。儘管有輕微懲罰，沒有人會鼓動更好的隱私保護法。

So, we're done. Welcome to a world where Google knows exactly what sort of porn you all like, and more about your interests than your spouse does. Welcome to a world where your cell phone company knows exactly where you are all the time. Welcome to the end of private conversations, because increasingly your conversations are conducted by e-mail, text, or social networking sites.
所以，我們就這樣被處理了。歡迎光臨Google的世界，它知道你喜歡什麼樣的色情資訊，比你的配偶還清楚你的興趣。歡迎來到這個世界，你的手機公司隨時都知道你在哪裡。歡迎來到隱私會話的盡頭，因為越來越多人藉由電子郵件、簡訊、或社交網站進行交談。

And welcome to a world where all of this, and everything else that you do or is done on a computer, is saved, correlated, studied, passed around from company to company without your knowledge or consent; and where the government accesses it at will without a warrant.
也歡迎來到這樣的世界：以上一切、你一切所為、或在電腦上所做的一切，都在你不知情下被保存、相關聯、研究、傳送，而政府也不需要搜索證就能隨意取得你的資料。

Welcome to an Internet without privacy, and we've ended up here with hardly a fight. 歡迎來到無隱私的網路，我們幾乎未戰就已經到這個地步了。